Ecology is the foundation for humans to survive and thrive, and building an ecological civilization holds the key to the future of the nation and the well-being of the people. Importantly, ecology is an integral part of the Chinese dream of national rejuvenation and the endeavor of building a green and beautiful China. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China held in 2012, green development has been a pursuit in the new era, and impressive progress has been made. This book expounds on the developments, the problems and challenges in building an ecological civilization since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. It also stresses that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, and introduces China’s low-carbon development approaches and philosophies, and the contribution to global environmental governance.